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Rubber Properties

The chart below is intended to help in the material selection stage of designing rubber parts / products. Rubber compounding is a very broad and technical field, since basic rubbers or elastomers are mixed with various chemicals and ingredients (and even with each other) to obtain desired physical properties.

A wide variety of basic polymers (rubbers) are available, and a literally infinite array of compounds exhibiting unique physical properties as well as chemical, fluid, and temperature resistances are possible. This chart, therefore, deals only with very general features of the most common basic rubber or elastomer compounds, but more specific information is available upon request.

Common Name(s) Designation2 Composition General Properties1

General Chemical Resistance3

Resistent to: Attacked by:
Neoprene CR Chloroprene Good Weathering Resistance. Flame retarding. Moderate resistance to pertroleum-based fluids. Moderate chemicals and acids, ozone, oils, fats, greases, many oils, and solvents. Strong oxidizing acids, esters, ketones, chlorinated, aromatic and nitro hydrocarbons.
EPDM EPDM, EPM Ethylene-propylene- diene; Ethylene-propylene Excellent ozone, chemical, and aging resistance. Poor resistance to pertoleum-based fluids. Animal and vegetable oils, ozone, strong and oxidizing chemicals. Mineral oils and solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons.
Buna-N NBR Nitrile-butadiene Excellent resistance to pertoleum-based fluids. Good physical properties. Many hydrocarbons, fats, oils, greases, hydraulic fluids, chemicals. Ozone (except PVC blends), ketones, esters, aldehydes, chlorinated and nitro hydrocarbons.
Silicone Q, Si Polysiloxane Excellent high and low temperature properties. Fair physical properties. Moderate or oxidizing chemicals, ozone, concentrated sodium hydroxide. Many solvents, oils, concentrated acids, dilute sodium hydroxide.
SBR SBR Styrene-butadiene Good physical properties and abrasion resistance. Poor resistance to petroleum-based fluids. Most moderate chemicals, wet or dry, organic acids, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes. Ozone, strong acids, fats, oils, greases, most hydrocarbons.
Butyl IIR Isobutene-isoprene Very good weathering resistance. Excellent dialectric properties. Low permeability to air. Good physical properties. Poor resistance to petroleum-based fluids. Animal and vegetable fats, oils, greases, ozone, strong and oxidizing chemicals. Petroleum, solvents, coal tar solvents, aromatic hydrocarbons.
Natural, Gum Rubber NR Isoprene, natural Excellent physical properties including abrasion and low temperature resistance. Poor resistance to petroleum-based fluids. Most moderate chemicals, wet or dry, organic acids, alcohols, ketones, aldehydes. Ozone, strong acids, fats, oils, greases, most hydrocarbons.
Isoprene, Polyisoprene IR Isoprene, synthetic Similar to natural rubber. Similar to natural rubber. Similar to natural rubber.
Hypalon CSM Chloro-sulfonyl- polyethylene Excellent ozone, weathering, and acid resistance. Good and abrasion and heat resistance. Fair resistance to petroleum-based fluids. Similar to Neoprene with improved acid resistance. Concentrated oxidizing acids, esters, ketones, chlorinated, aromatic, and nitro hydrocarbons.
Acrylic, Poly Acrylate ABR, ACM Acrylate-butadiene, copolymer of acrylic ester and acrylic halide Excellent resistance to high temperature, oil and air, ozone, and weathering. Poor low temperature properties. Not recommended for water service. Ozone, extreme pressure, lubricants, hot oils, petroleum solvents, animal and vegetable fats. Water, alcohols, glycols, alkali, esters, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, phenol.
Urethane AU, EU Polyethylene-apdate, Poly (oxy-1, 4, butylene) ether Good aging and excellent abrasion, tear, and solvent resistance. Poor high temperature properties. Ozone, hydrocarbons, moderate chemicals, fats, oils, greases. Concentrated acids, ketones, esters, chlorinated and nitro hydrocarbons.
Chlorinated- polyethylene CPE Chlorinated- polyethylene Excellent ozone and weathering resistance; good heat resistance. Moderate resistance to petroleum-based fluids.    
Viton ® 4, Fluoro-elastomer FPM Hexaflouropropylene- vinylidene flouride Excellent oil and air resistance both at low and high temperatures. Very good chemical resistance. All aliphatic, aromatic and halogenated hydrocarbons, acids, animal and vegetable oils. Ketones, low molecular weight esters and nitro containing compounds.
Butadiene rubber BR Polybutadiene Excellent abrasion resistance and low temperature properties. High resilience. Similar to SBR Similar to SBR
Kalrez ® 4 AFMU Tetraflouroethylene- flouronitrosomethane- perflourobutyric acid Excellent chemical resistance. Excellent high and low temperature properties.    
Hydrin, Herchlor CO Polychloromethyl oxirane Excellent oil and ozone resistance. Good flame resistance and low permeability to gases. Fair low temperature properties. Similar to nitrile with ozone resistance. Ketones, esters, aldehydes, chlorinated and nitro hydrocarbons.
ECH, Hydrin, Herchlor ECO Ethylene oxide and chloromethyl oxirane Good low temperature properties. Excellent oil and ozone resistance. Fair flame resistance. Low permeability to gases. Similar to nitrile with ozone resistance. Ketones, esters, aldehydes, chlorinated and nitro hydrocarbons.
Fluoro-silicone FSi Flourocarbon   Moderate or oxidizing chemicals, ozone, aromatic chlorinated solvents, bases. Brake fluids, hydrazine, ketones.

Footnotes

  1. From the "Sheet Rubber Handbook - Gasket and Packing Materials" publication #IP-40 of the Rubber Manufacturers Association (RMA).
  2. ASTM D 1418-79
  3. 1979 Yearbook of the Los Angeles Rubber Group, Inc.
  4. "Viton" and "Kalrez" are registered trademarks of E.I. Dupont, Inc.

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